Sources and Recommended Reading

Secondary Sources




  • Anonymous. Chronicle of the Third Crusade: A Translation of the Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta  Regis Ricardi. Crusade Texts in Translation. Translated by  Helen Nicholson, Ashgate Publishing  Ltd., 1997.
  • ---. The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade: Crusade Texts in Translation. Translated by Peter W. Edbury, Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 1998.
  • ---. Crusader Syria in the Thirteenth Century: The Rothelin Continuation of the History of William of Tyre with part of the Eracles or Acre Text. Crusades Texts in Translation. Translated by Janet Shirley. Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 1999.
  • Baha al-Din ibn Shaddad. The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin. Translated by D.S. Richards, Ashgate Publishing Ltd. 2002.
  • Gabrieli, Francesco. Arab Historians of the Crusades. University of California Press, 1969.
  • Letters from the East: Crusaders, Pilgrims, and Settlers in the 12th and 13th Centuries: Crusade Texts in Translation. Translated by Malcolm Barber and Keith Bate. Ashgate Publishing, 2013.
  • Novare, Philip de. The Wars of Frederick II Against the Ibelins in Syria and Cyprus. Translated by John La Monte, Morningside Heights Columbia University Press, 1936.
  • Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the Holy Land, 1187 - 1291. Crusades Texts in Translation. Translated by Denys Pringle. Ashgate, 2012.
  • Tyre, William Archbishop of. A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea. Morningside Heights Columbia University Press, 1943.




Especially recommended sources are marked with a *
Sources which are seriously flawed are marked with a #

  • Allen, S.J. and Emilie Amt. The Crusades: A Reader. University of Toronto Press, 2014.
  • Andrea, Alfred J & Andrew Holt, editors. Seven Myths of the Crusades. Hackett Publishing Co. , 2015.
  • Abulafia, David. Frederick II: A Medieval Emperor. Oxford University Press, 1988.
  • Bale, Anthony (editor). The Cambridge Companion to the Literature of the Crusades. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2019.
  • Barber, Malcolm. The Crusader States. Yale University Press, 2012. 
  • Barber, Malcolm. “The Career of Philip of Nablus in the Kingdom of Jerusalem,” in Edbury, Peter and Jonathan Phillips (eds) The Experience of Crusading: Defining the Crusader Kingdom. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
  • *---. The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple, Cambridge University Press, 1994.
  • *Barber, Richard. The Knight and Chivalry. Boydell Press, 1970
  • Bartlett, W.B.. Downfall of the Crusader Kingdom. The History Press Ltd, 2010.
  • Brand, Charles M.. Byzantium Confronts the West. ACLS Humanities E-Book, 2012.
  • *Boas, Andrian J.. Crusader Archaeology: The Material Culture of the Latin East. Routledge, 1999.
  • * ---. Domestic Settings: Sources on Domestic Architecture and Day-to-Day Activities in the Crusader States. Brill, 2010.
  • *--- ed., The Crusader World. Routledge, 2016.
  • Boulle, Pierre. Der Denkwuerdige Kreuzzug Kaiser Friedrich II. von Hohenstaufen. Christian Wegner Verlag, 1970.
  • Bromiley, Geoffrey N., "Philip of Novara's account of the war between Frederick II of Hohenstaufen and the Ibelins, Journal of Medieval History 3 (1977), 325 - 338.
  • -- "Philippe de Novare: Another Epic Historian?" Neophilologus 82 (1998), 527-541.
  • Christie, Niall. Muslims and Crusaders: Christianity's Wars in the Middle East, 1095-1382, from the Islamic Sources. Routledge, 2014.
  • Cleve, Thomas Curtis Van. The Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen: Immutator Mundi. Oxford University Press, 1972.
  • Conder, Claude Reignier. The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem 1099 to 1291 AD. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund, 1897.
  • Donvito, Filippo, "Hangman or Gentleman: Saladin's Christian Hostages and Prisoners," Medieval Warfare IV-1, 39-43.
  • *Edbury, Peter W. John of Ibelin and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Boydell Press, 1997.
  • *---. The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191 – 1374. Cambridge University Press, 1991.
  • *---Law and History in the Latin East. Ashgate, 2014.
  • ---. The Lusignan Kingdom of Cyprus and Its Muslim Neighbors. Bank of Cyprus Foundation, 1993.
  • --- and John Gordon Rowe. William of Tyre: Historian of the Latin East. Cambridge University Press, 1988.
  • Edge, David and John Miles Paddock. Arms and Armour of the Medieval Knight. Saturn Books, 1996.
  • Edington, Susan B. and Helen Nicholson, editors. Deeds Done Beyond the Sea: Essays on William of Tyre, Cyprus and the Military Orders Presented to Peter Edbury. Routledge, 2014. 
  • Ellenblum, Ronnie. Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge University Press, 1998.
  • --. Crusader Castles and Modern Histories. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  • Ehrenkreutz, Andrew S.. Saladin. State University of New York Press, 1972.
  • Flori, Jean. Richard the Lionheart: King and Knight. Praeger, 2007.
  • Folda, Jaroslav. Crusader Art: The Art of the Crusaders in the Holy Land, 1099-1291. Ashgate Publishing, 2008.
  • *France, John. Hattin. Oxford University Press, 2015.
  • Friedman, Yvonne. Encounter between Enemies: Captivity and Ransom in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Brill, 2002.
  • Galatariotou, Catia. The Making of a Saint: The Life, Times and Sanctification of Neophytos the Recluse. Cambridge University Press, 1991.
  • Gardiner, Robert (ed). Cogs, Caravels and Galleons: The Sailing Ship 1000 - 1650. Conway Maritime Press, 1994.
  • Gillingham, John. Richard I. Yale University Press, 1999.
  • Goldman, Brendan. Arabic-Speaking Jews in Crusader Syria: Conquest, Continuity and Adaptation in the Medieval Mediterranean. Unpublished dissertation. Baltimore, 2018
  • Hamilton, Bernard. The Latin Church and the Crusader States. Routledge, 1980.
  • ---.The Leper King and His Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
  • ---. “Women in the Crusader States: The Queens of Jerusalem 1100 – 90.” Medieval Women, edited by Derek Baker, Basil Blackwell, 1978.
  • Harari, Yuval, "The Military Role of the Frankish Turcopoles:A Reassessment." Mediterranean Historical Review, 12:1 (1997), 75-116.
  • Hazard, Harry W., editor. A History of the Crusades, Vol. IV: The Art and Architecture of the Crusader States. Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1977.
  • Herzog, Annie. Die Frau auf den Fuerstenthronen der Kreuzfahrerstaaten. Emil Ebering, 1919.
  • Hill, George. A History of Cyprus, Vol. 2: The Frankish Period. Cambridge University Press, 1948.
  • Holt, P.M. The Crusader States and their Neighbours. Pearson Education, 2004.
  • Hopkins, Andrea. Knights: The Complete Story of the Age of Chivalry: From Historical Fact to Tales of Romance and Poetry. Collins and Brown Ltd, 1990.
  • Jacoby, David, "Byzantine Culture and the Crusader States" in Byzantine Culture: Papers from the Conference 'Byzantine Days of Istanbul,' May 21-23, 2010.
  • ---"The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Collapse of Hohenstaufen Power in the Levant," Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 40 (1986), 83-101.
  • ---, editor. Medieval Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean and Beyond. Routledge, 2018.
  • ---. Studies on the Crusader States and on Venetian Expansion. Routledge, 2018.
  • Jordan, Erin, "Corporate Monarchy in the Twelfth-Century Kingdom of Jerusalem, Royal Studies Journal (RSJ), 6, no.1 (2019), 1-15.
  • Jotischky, Andrew. Crusading and the Crusader States. Pearson Longman, 2004.
  • Kedar, Benjamin Z. Franks, Muslims and Oriental Christians in the Latin Levant. Ashgate, 2006.
  • Kostick, Conor (ed). The Crusades and the Near East. Routledge, 2011.
  • Laiou, Ageliki. "Byzantine Trade with Christians and Muslims and the Crusades," in Laiou, Angeliki and Roy Parvis Mottahedeh (editors) The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2001, 157-196.
  • La Monte, John L.. Feudal Monarchy in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100 to 1291. Medieval Academy of America, 1932.
  • --, "John d'Ibelin: The Old Lord of Beirut, 1177-1236, Byzantion, Vol. 1/2 (1937), 417-448.
  • #Lee, Jeffrey. God's Wolf: The Life of the Most Notorious of All Crusaders, Reynald de Chatillon. Atlantic Books, 2016.
  • Lotan, Shlomo, "The Battle of La Forbie (1244) and its Aftermath - Re-Examination of the Military Orders' Involvement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Mid-Thirteenth Century, Ordines Militares, Vol. XVII (2012), 53-67.
  • #Maalouf, Amin. The Crusades through Arab Eyes. Schocken Books, 1984.
  • *MacEvitt, Christopher. The Crusades and the Christian World of the East: Rough Tolerance. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008.
  • Madden, Thomas. The Concise History of the Crusades. Rowman & Littlefield, 2014.
  • Marshall, Christopher. Warfare in the Latin East 1192 - 1291. Cambridge University Press, 1992.
  • Mayer, Hans Eberhard, Kings and Lords in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 1994.
  • ---. Probleme des lateinischen Koenigreichs Jerusalem.  Variorum Reprints, 1983.
  • Miller, Peter. Die Kreuzzuege: Krieg im Namen Gottes. Bertelsmann, 1988.
  • *Miller, David,.Richard the Lionheart: The Mighty Crusader. Phoenix, 2013.
  • Miller, Timothy S. and John W. Nesbitt. Walking Corpses: Leprosy in Byzantium and the Medieval West. Cornell University Press, 2014.
  • *Mitchell, Piers D.. Medicine in the Crusades: Warfare, Wounds and the Medieval Surgeon. Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • --- "The Spread of Disease with the Crusades," in B. Nance and E.F. Glaze (editors). Between Text and Patient: The Medical Entrprise in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Florence: Sismel, 2011. 309-330.
  • #Morgan, M.R.. The Chronicle of Ernoul and the Continuations of William of Tyre. Oxford Historical Monographs, Oxford University Press, 1973.
  • Morton, Nicholas. The Teutonic Knights in the Holy Land, 1190-1291. Boydell, 2009
  • ---, "Weapons of War: Turkish Archers vs. Frankish Heavy Cavalry," History Today, May 2018, 38-49.
  • Mount, Toni. Medieval Medicine. Amberley, 2015.
  • Mourad, Suleiman. "Jerusalem in Early Islam: The Making of the Muslims' Holy City," in Routledge Handbook on Jerusalem. Routledge, 2019, 77-89.
  • Nicholson, The Knights Templar: A New History. Sutton Publishing, 2001.
  • ---, "Charity and Hospitality in Military Orders, in Isabel Cristina Ferreira Fernandes (coord.), As Ordens Militares. Freires, Guerreiros, Cavaleiros. Actas do VI Encontro sobre Ordens Militares, Vol 1, Palmela, 2012, pp. 193 - 206.
  • ---, "The Role of Women in the Military Orders," Militiae Christi: Handelingen van de Vereniging voor de Studie over de Tempeliers en de Hospitaalridders vzw, Year 1 (2010), pp. 210-19.
  • Nicolaou-Konnari, Angel and Chris Schabel. Cyprus: Society and Culture 1191-1374. Brill, 2005.
  • Nicolle, David. Hattin 1187: Saladin’s Greatest Victory. Osprey Military Campaign Series, 1993.
  • Pernoud, Regine. The Templars: Knights of Christ. Ignatius, 2009.
  • Perry, Guy. John of Brienne: King of Jerusalem, Emperor of Constantinople, c. 1175-1237. Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  • Phillips, Jonathan. Defenders of the Holy Land: Relations between the Latin East and West, 1119-1187. Oxford University Press, 1996.
  • ---. The Life and Legend of the Sultan Saladin. Yale University Press, 2019.
  • Pringle, Denys. Secular Buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: An Archaeological Gazetteer. Cambridge University Press, 1997.
  • Reynolds, Gordon M. Opportunism & Duty: Gendered Perceptions of Women's Involvement in Crusade Negotiation and Mediation (1147-1254). Medieval Feminist Forum, Vol. 5., # 2, April 2019.
  • Robinson, John J., Dungeon. Fire and Sword: The Knights Templar in the Crusades. Michael O’Mara Books, 1991.
  • Roehricht, Reinhold. Die Geschichte des Koenigreichs Jerusalem (1100-1291). Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Riley-Smith, Jonathan. The Crusades: A History. Bloomsbury Academic, 2014.
  • --. The Feudal Nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174-1277. Macmillan, 1973.
  • --. Hospitallers: The History of the Order of St. John. Hambledon Press, 1999.
  • *Riley-Smith, Jonathan, editor. The Atlas of the Crusades. Facts on File, 1991.
  • Runciman, Sir Steven. The Families of Outremer: The Feudal Nobility of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099-1291, The Athlone Press, 1960.
  • Smail, R.C. Crusading Warfare 1097-1193. Cambridge University Press, 1956.
  • *Stark, Rodney. God’s Battalions: The Case for the Crusades. HarperCollins, 2010.
  • Suhr, Heiko. Friedrich II von Hohenstaufen: Seine politischen und kulturellen Verbindungen zum Islam. Grin Verlag, 2008.
  • Tibble, Steve. The Crusader Armies. Yale University Press, 2018.
  • Tyerman, Christopher. How to Plan a Crusade: Reason and Religious War in the Middle Ages. Allen Lane, 2015.
  • --. The World of the Crusades: An Illustrated History. Yale University Press, 2019.
  • Ye'or, Bat. The Decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1996.
  • Van Cleve, Thomas Curtis. The Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen: Immutator Mundi. Oxford University Press, 1972.
  • Zacour, Norman P. and Harry W. Hazard, A History of the Crusades Volume Five: The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East. Wisconsin University Press, 1985.


 

Primary Sources

THE CRUSADER KINGDOMS

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